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Castles and historic villages of Beira Baixa
1 October 2024
Castles and historic villages of Beira Baixa
Portugal is a country filled with history, boasting a vast heritage of castles and historic villages that date back centuries. These places preserve memories of conquests, traditions, and architecture that reveal the influences of different peoples over time. In this article, we will focus on the "Aldeias Históricas de Portugal" network, exploring especially the rich heritage found in the Beira Baixa district, which includes the villages of Belmonte, Castelo Novo, Idanha-a-Velha, Monsanto, and Sortelha.
Belmonte: The land of Pedro Álvares Cabral
Belmonte, located in the Cova da Beira, is famous for being the birthplace of Pedro Álvares Cabral, the navigator who led the expedition that resulted in the discovery of Brazil in 1500. This historic village lives up to its name, meaning "beautiful hill," thanks to its broad views over the Serra da Estrela.
Human presence in Belmonte dates back to prehistoric times, as evidenced by the Antas de Caria and the region's castros. The village has witnessed significant historical events, and the Belmonte Castle, a medieval fortress, was for centuries a defensive stronghold of the Portuguese crown, administered by the Cabral family. Notable sites include the Castle, the Church of Santiago, and the Cabral Pantheon, where the history of Portugal intertwines with the stunning landscapes of Beira Baixa.
Castelo Novo: A charming medieval village
Castelo Novo is a medieval village nestled in the slopes of the Serra da Gardunha, where time seems to stand still. Founded in the 13th century, the village developed under the influence of the Knights Templar, who established a fortification here. The village offers a peculiar urban layout, with labyrinthine streets and granite stone buildings, typical of medieval architecture.
The Largo do Pelourinho, with its Town Hall, Prison, and the Fountain of D. João V, exemplifies the village's architectural diversity, where Manueline and Baroque styles coexist harmoniously. Additionally, Castelo Novo offers a magnificent view over the valleys of Beira Baixa, making it an excellent starting point for exploring the natural beauty of the region.
Idanha-a-Velha: A Roman village in the heart of Beira Baixa
Idanha-a-Velha is a unique village, whose origins date back to the Roman era, when it was known as "Civitas Igaeditanorum." The village preserves impressive archaeological remains, including the ruins of a Roman forum and a bridge over the River Pônsul. The Roman heritage is visible throughout the village, with its walls built from columns and friezes of the ancient city.
During the medieval period, Idanha-a-Velha was taken over by the Knights Templar, who left their mark with the construction of the Templar Tower over the remnants of the Roman temple. Today, the village invites reflection on the past and the discovery of unique heritage, such as the Epigraphic Archive and the Cathedral, both witnesses to a long and rich history.
Monsanto: The most Portuguese village in Portugal
Monsanto, located atop a rugged rocky hill, is often called "the most Portuguese village in Portugal." Its cobblestone streets and houses that seem to emerge from the rocks give it a unique character. With a history that dates back to Lusitanian occupation, the village was fortified by the Templars in the 12th century.
The Monsanto Castle, partially destroyed by an explosion in the 19th century, offers an impressive view over the surrounding landscape. The ruins of the Chapel of São Miguel and the Chapel of Santa Maria do Castelo are other points of interest that make Monsanto a must-see destination for lovers of history and nature.
Sortelha: A preserved medieval treasure
Sortelha, one of the best-preserved historic villages in Portugal, seems like something out of a medieval tale. Founded in the 13th century, this fortified village is known for its walls and the rocky castle that dominates it. The Keep Tower, the Traitor’s Gate, and the New Gate are just a few elements that define the village's military architecture.
Walking through the streets of Sortelha is like travelling back in time, with its stone houses and narrow streets, preserving the medieval design. The village also offers stunning views of the Beira Baixa mountains, serving as a prime example of how history can still be experienced in the 21st century.
Discover the heritage of Beira Baixa
The Historic Villages of Beira Baixa are more than mere testimonies of a distant past. Each of them tells a unique story, filled with legends, battles, and traditions that have shaped Portugal’s identity. Visiting Belmonte, Castelo Novo, Idanha-a-Velha, Monsanto, and Sortelha is like embarking on a journey through time, discovering the charm and historical richness that this region has to offer.
If you're looking for a place where history blends with natural beauty, Beira Baixa is the perfect destination. And, who knows, you might even find your ideal refuge to live, in one of Portugal's most iconic locations.